Apache Hive : HCatalog CLI

Command Line Interface

• Command Line Interface
  • Set Up
  • HCatalog CLI
    • Owner Permissions
    • Hive CLI
  • HCatalog DDL
    • Create/Drop/Alter Table
    • Create/Drop/Alter View
    • Show/Describe
    • Create/Drop Index
    • Create/Drop Function
    • “dfs” Command and “set” Command
    • Other Commands
  • CLI Errors
    • Authentication
    • Error Log

Set Up

The HCatalog command line interface (CLI) can be invoked as HIVE_HOME=hive_home hcat_home/bin/hcat where hive_home is the directory where Hive has been installed and hcat_home is the directory where HCatalog has been installed.

If you are using BigTop’s rpms or debs you can invoke the CLI by doing /usr/bin/hcat.

HCatalog CLI

The HCatalog CLI supports these command line options:

Option	Usage	Description
-g	hcat -g mygroup ...	Tells HCatalog that the table which needs to be created must have group “mygroup”.
-p	hcat -p rwxr-xr-x ...	Tells HCatalog that the table which needs to be created must have permissions “rwxr-xr-x”.
-f	hcat -f myscript.hcatalog ...	Tells HCatalog that myscript.hcatalog is a file containing DDL commands to execute.
-e	hcat -e 'create table mytable(a int);' ...	Tells HCatalog to treat the following string as a DDL command and execute it.
-D	hcat -Dkey=value ...	Passes the key-value pair to HCatalog as a Java System Property.
	hcat	Prints a usage message.

Note the following:

• The -g and -p options are not mandatory.
• Only one -e or -f option can be provided, not both.
• The order of options is immaterial; you can specify the options in any order.

If no option is provided, then a usage message is printed:

Usage:  hcat  { -e "<query>" | -f <filepath> }  [-g <group>] [-p <perms>] [-D<name>=<value>]

Owner Permissions

When using the HCatalog CLI, you cannot specify a permission string without read permissions for owner, such as -wxrwxr-x, because the string begins with “-”. If such a permission setting is desired, you can use the octal version instead, which in this case would be 375. Also, any other kind of permission string where the owner has read permissions (for example r-x----- or r--r--r--) will work fine.

Hive CLI

Many hcat commands can be issued as hive commands, including all HCatalog DDL commands. The Hive CLI includes some commands that are not available in the HCatalog CLI. Note these differences:

• “hcat -g” and “hcat -p” for table group and permission settings are only available in the HCatalog CLI.
• hcat uses the -p flag for permissions but hive uses it to specify a port number.
• hcat uses the -D flag without a space to define key=value pairs but hive uses -d or --define with a space (also --hivevar).
  For example, “hcat -DA=B” versus “hive -d A=B”.
• hcat without any flags prints a help message but hive uses the -H flag or --help.

The Hive CLI is documented here.

HCatalog DDL

HCatalog supports all Hive Data Definition Language except those operations that require running a MapReduce job. For commands that are supported, any variances are noted below.

HCatalog does not support the following Hive DDL and other HiveQL commands:

• ALTER INDEX … REBUILD
• CREATE TABLE … AS SELECT
• ALTER TABLE … CONCATENATE
• ALTER TABLE ARCHIVE/UNARCHIVE PARTITION
• ANALYZE TABLE … COMPUTE STATISTICS
• IMPORT FROM …
• EXPORT TABLE

For information about using WebHCat for DDL commands, see URL Format and WebHCat Reference: DDL Resources.

Create/Drop/Alter Table

CREATE TABLE

If you create a table with a CLUSTERED BY clause you will not be able to write to it with Pig or MapReduce. This is because they do not understand how to partition the table, so attempting to write to it would cause data corruption.

CREATE TABLE AS SELECT

Not supported. Throws an exception with the message “Operation Not Supported”.

DROP TABLE

Supported. Behavior the same as Hive.

ALTER TABLE

Supported except for the REBUILD and CONCATENATE options. Behavior the same as Hive.

Create/Drop/Alter View

Note: Pig and MapReduce cannot read from or write to views.

CREATE VIEW

Supported. Behavior same as Hive.

DROP VIEW

Supported. Behavior same as Hive.

ALTER VIEW

Supported. Behavior same as Hive.

Show/Describe

SHOW TABLES

Supported. Behavior same as Hive.

SHOW PARTITIONS

Not supported. Throws an exception with message “Operation Not Supported”.

SHOW FUNCTIONS

Supported. Behavior same as Hive.

DESCRIBE

Supported. Behavior same as Hive.

Create/Drop Index

CREATE and DROP INDEX operations are supported.

Note: Pig and MapReduce cannot write to a table that has auto rebuild on, because Pig and MapReduce do not know how to rebuild the index.

Create/Drop Function

CREATE and DROP FUNCTION operations are supported, but created functions must still be registered in Pig and placed in CLASSPATH for MapReduce.

“dfs” Command and “set” Command

Supported. Behavior same as Hive.

Other Commands

Any command not listed above is NOT supported and throws an exception with the message “Operation Not Supported”.

CLI Errors

Authentication

If a failure results in a message like “2010-11-03 16:17:28,225 WARN hive.metastore … - Unable to connect metastore with URI thrift://…” in /tmp//hive.log, then make sure you have run “kinit @FOO.COM” to get a Kerberos ticket and to be able to authenticate to the HCatalog server.

Error Log

If other errors occur while using the HCatalog CLI, more detailed messages are written to /tmp//hive.log.

Navigation Links Previous: Reader and Writer Interfaces
Next: Storage Formats

Hive command line interface: Hive CLI
Hive DDL commands: Hive Data Definition Language
WebHCat DDL resources: WebHCat Reference: DDL

General: HCatalog Manual – WebHCat Manual – Hive Wiki Home – Hive Project Site