Introduction

Run Apache Hive inside docker container in pseudo-distributed mode, inorder to provide the following Quick-start/Debugging/Prepare a test env for Hive

Quickstart

STEP 1: Pull the image

• Pull the image from DockerHub: https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/hive/tags. Here are the latest images:
  • 4.0.0-beta-1
  • 3.1.3

docker pull apache/hive:4.0.0-alpha-2

STEP 2: Export the Hive version

export HIVE_VERSION=4.0.0-alpha-2

STEP 3: Launch the HiveServer2 with an embedded Metastore.

This is lightweight and for a quick setup, it uses Derby as metastore db.

docker run -d -p 10000:10000 -p 10002:10002 --env SERVICE_NAME=hiveserver2 --name hive4 apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

STEP 4: Connect to beeline

docker exec -it hiveserver2 beeline -u 'jdbc:hive2://hiveserver2:10000/'

Note: Launch Standalone Metastore To use standalone Metastore with Derby,

docker run -d -p 9083:9083 --env SERVICE_NAME=metastore --name metastore-standalone apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

Detailed Setup

- Build image

Apache Hive relies on Hadoop, Tez and some others to facilitate reading, writing, and managing large datasets. The /packaging/src/docker/build.sh provides ways to build the image against specified version of the dependent, as well as build from source.

- Build from source

mvn clean package -pl packaging -DskipTests -Pdocker

- Build with specified version

There are some arguments to specify the component version:

-hadoop <hadoop version>
-tez <tez version>
-hive <hive version> 

If the version is not provided, it will read the version from current pom.xml: project.version, hadoop.version and tez.version for Hive, Hadoop and Tez respectively. For example, the following command uses Hive 4.0.0-alpha-2, Hadoop hadoop.version and Tez tez.version to build the image,

./build.sh -hive 4.0.0-alpha-2

If the command does not specify the Hive version, it will use the local apache-hive-${project.version}-bin.tar.gz(will trigger a build if it doesn’t exist), together with Hadoop 3.1.0 and Tez 0.10.1 to build the image,

./build.sh -hadoop 3.1.0 -tez 0.10.1

After building successfully, we can get a Docker image named apache/hive by default, the image is tagged by the provided Hive version.

Run services

Before going further, we should define the environment variable HIVE_VERSION first. For example, if -hive 4.0.0-alpha-2 is specified to build the image,

export HIVE_VERSION=4.0.0-alpha-2

or assuming that you’re relying on current project.version from pom.xml,

export HIVE_VERSION=$(mvn -f pom.xml -q help:evaluate -Dexpression=project.version -DforceStdout)

- Metastore

For a quick start, launch the Metastore with Derby,

docker run -d -p 9083:9083 --env SERVICE_NAME=metastore --name metastore-standalone apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

Everything would be lost when the service is down. In order to save the Hive table’s schema and data, start the container with an external Postgres and Volume to keep them,

docker run -d -p 9083:9083 --env SERVICE_NAME=metastore --env DB_DRIVER=postgres \
   --env SERVICE_OPTS="-Djavax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName=org.postgresql.Driver -Djavax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL=jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/metastore_db -Djavax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName=hive -Djavax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword=password" \
   --mount source=warehouse,target=/opt/hive/data/warehouse \
   --mount type=bind,source=`mvn help:evaluate -Dexpression=settings.localRepository -q -DforceStdout`/org/postgresql/postgresql/42.5.1/postgresql-42.5.1.jar,target=/opt/hive/lib/postgres.jar \
   --name metastore-standalone apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

If you want to use your own hdfs-site.xml or yarn-site.xml for the service, you can provide the environment variable HIVE_CUSTOM_CONF_DIR for the command. For instance, put the custom configuration file under the directory /opt/hive/conf, then,

docker run -d -p 9083:9083 --env SERVICE_NAME=metastore --env DB_DRIVER=postgres \
   -v /opt/hive/conf:/hive_custom_conf --env HIVE_CUSTOM_CONF_DIR=/hive_custom_conf \
   --mount type=bind,source=`mvn help:evaluate -Dexpression=settings.localRepository -q -DforceStdout`/org/postgresql/postgresql/42.5.1/postgresql-42.5.1.jar,target=/opt/hive/lib/postgres.jar \
   --name metastore apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

For Hive releases before 4.0, if you want to upgrade the existing external Metastore schema to the target version, then add --env SCHEMA_COMMAND=upgradeSchema to the command. To skip schematool initialisation or upgrade for metastore use --env IS_RESUME="true", for verbose logging set --env VERBOSE="true".

- HiveServer2

Launch the HiveServer2 with an embedded Metastore,

 docker run -d -p 10000:10000 -p 10002:10002 --env SERVICE_NAME=hiveserver2 --name hiveserver2-standalone apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

or specify a remote Metastore if it’s available,

 docker run -d -p 10000:10000 -p 10002:10002 --env SERVICE_NAME=hiveserver2 \
      --env SERVICE_OPTS="-Dhive.metastore.uris=thrift://metastore:9083" \
      --env IS_RESUME="true" \
      --name hiveserver2-standalone apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

To save the data between container restarts, you can start the HiveServer2 with a Volume,

docker run -d -p 10000:10000 -p 10002:10002 --env SERVICE_NAME=hiveserver2 \
   --env SERVICE_OPTS="-Dhive.metastore.uris=thrift://metastore:9083" \
   --mount source=warehouse,target=/opt/hive/data/warehouse \
   --env IS_RESUME="true" \
   --name hiveserver2 apache/hive:${HIVE_VERSION}

- HiveServer2, Metastore

To get a quick overview of both HiveServer2 and Metastore, there is a docker-compose.yml placed under packaging/src/docker for this purpose, specify the POSTGRES_LOCAL_PATH first:

export POSTGRES_LOCAL_PATH=your_local_path_to_postgres_driver

Example:

mvn dependency:copy -Dartifact="org.postgresql:postgresql:42.5.1" && \
export POSTGRES_LOCAL_PATH=`mvn help:evaluate -Dexpression=settings.localRepository -q -DforceStdout`/org/postgresql/postgresql/42.5.1/postgresql-42.5.1.jar 

If you don’t install maven or have problem in resolving the postgres driver, you can always download this jar yourself, change the POSTGRES_LOCAL_PATH to the path of the downloaded jar. Then,

docker compose up -d

HiveServer2, Metastore and Postgres services will be started as a consequence. Volumes are used to persist data generated by Hive inside Postgres and HiveServer2 containers:

• hive_db
  • The volume persists the metadata of Hive tables inside Postgres container.
• warehouse
  • The volume stores tables' files inside HiveServer2 container.

To stop/remove them all,

docker compose down

Usage

• HiveServer2 web
  • Accessed on browser at http://localhost:10002/
• Beeline:

   docker exec -it hiveserver2 beeline -u 'jdbc:hive2://hiveserver2:10000/'
   # If beeline is installed on host machine, HiveServer2 can be simply reached via:
   beeline -u 'jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/'
  

• Run some queries

    show tables;
    create table hive_example(a string, b int) partitioned by(c int);
    alter table hive_example add partition(c=1);
    insert into hive_example partition(c=1) values('a', 1), ('a', 2),('b',3);
    select count(distinct a) from hive_example;
    select sum(b) from hive_example;